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STABILIZATION AND DEMOCRATIZATION OF IRAQ A STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF THE CONSTITUTION-BUILDING PROCESS
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متحف الشرق.. ختم اسطواني لحقوق الانسان من بلاد الرافدين
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مؤيد عبد الستار

مؤيد عبد الستار
متحف الشرق.. ختم اسطواني لحقوق الانسان من بلاد الرافدين
د. #مؤيد عبد الستار#

هذا الختم الاسطواني الطيني الذي نقش بالمسمارية ، عثر عليه في بابل ، وهو للملك كورش ، الذي حكم الامبراطورية الفارسية بين ( 559 – 530 قبل الميلاد ) ، وهو الذي استولى على الدولة الميدية واسيا الصغرى وبابل وأسر الملك البابلي نابو نيدس اخر ملوك بابل .
اشار كورش الى انه تمكن من الاستيلاء على بابل بمساعدة من الاله مردوك اله مملكة بابل ، وشرح الامتيازات والفوائد التي جناها المواطنون من حكمه والاحكام النافعة التي طبقها في بابل ، وبين في هذا الختم الاسطواني الطيني كيف أعاد تماثيل الالهة التي استولى عليها نابو نيدس واحتفظ بها في بابل الى معابدها الاصلية في بلاد مابين النهرين وغرب ايران، كما يصف قيامه بتجديد المعابد وتنظيمه لعودة الاسرى الذين كانوا محتجزين في بابل من قبل الملوك البابليين، ومع انه لا يأتي على ذكر اليهود في هذه الوثيقة ، الا ان عودتهم الى فلسطين بعد اسرهم وجلبهم الى بابل في عهد نبوخذنصر الثاني كان جزء من هذه السياسة التي وضعها كورش. اي ان كورش وضع سياسة معالجة الاسرى الذين كانوا في بابل واطلق سراح الاسرى الذين كانوا في بابل ومن بينهم اليهود .
يعد هذا الختم الاسطواني أقدم وثيقة لحقوق الانسان مدونة في ختم اسطواني من الطين ، وهو حاليا محفوظ في المتحف البريطاني بلندن في قسم العاديات الايرانية في الصالة رقم 52 ، وتحتفظ الامم المتحدة بنسخة من هذا الختم الاسطواني كرمز لاول وثيقة لحقوق الانسان حفظت حقوق الاسرى واعادت لهم حريتهم واعادت تماثيل وصور الالهة المسلوبة الى اهلها ومعابدها . وهو ما يشكل بادرة متميزة لملك تجاوزت حدود مملكته بلاد فارس الى بابل و فلسطين . ومن الجدير بالذكر ان عادة تدوين القوانين التي يصدرها الملوك في بلاد الرافدين وايران كانت شائعة وكانوا يدونونها على اختام ومسلات ورقم طينية، ومن اشهر تلك المدونات اللوحة التي دونها الامبراطور دارا والمنقوشة في طاق بستان في بلاد اللور – الكورد الفيليين - ايلام ، والتي دونها على سفح جبل بيستون باللغة الكوردية القديمة والبابلية ، ولهذه اللوحة يعود الفضل في فك رموز الكتابة المسمارية ، اذ ساعد تدوين انتصاراته بلغات ثلاث مختلفة على المقارنة بينها والتوصل الى قراءة الرموز المسمارية .
طول الختم 5, 22سم
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[1] Website | عربي | https://akhbaar.org/ - 10-04-2024
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Publication date: 27-03-2008 (16 Year)
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Added by ( ئاراس حسۆ ) on 10-04-2024
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Folders
Biography - Education level - Institute Biography - Education - Medical Biography - People type - Writer Biography - People type - Translator Biography - Language - Dialect - Kurdish - Sorani Biography - Place of birth - Erbil Biography - Place of Residence - Kurdistan Biography - Alive? - Yes (until of registration/modification of this record, this character was alive) Biography - Nation - Kurd Biography - Country of birth - South Kurdistan

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