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STABILIZATION AND DEMOCRATIZATION OF IRAQ A STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF THE CONSTITUTION-BUILDING PROCESS
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متحف الشرق: الفن والهندسة في سجادة اردبيل المدهشة
Kurdipedia's female colleges are contemporary archiving the suffering and successes of Kurdish women in their national database.
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مؤيد عبد الستار

مؤيد عبد الستار
متحف الشرق: الفن والهندسة في سجادة اردبيل المدهشة
د. #مؤيد عبد الستار#

سجادة مساحتها51 و10م × 4 3و5 م ، تحتل جناحا مركزيا في متحف فكتوريا والبرت بلندن، يُعتقد انها أكبر سجادة في العالم تحمل رقعة تؤرخ حياكتها بعام 946 ﮪجرية (يقابل عام 1539 م ) حيكت بمدة لاتقل عن أربع سنوات.
انها سجادة اردبيل التي تمتاز بتصميمها المدهش ، ولكن كم من الناظرين اليها يعرفون سبب اختلاف حجم المصباحين فيها ؟
حين عرضت في معرض لندن عام 1890 م وأصبحت معروفة ، شاع تصميمها ، وظهر سجاد على غرارها فيما بعد ، فالدائرة التي في الوسط قلادة تتكون من 16 ميدالية بيضوية ، على جانبيها مصباحان .
-- --
يعتقد انها حيكت في مدينة تبريز ، فالقلادة التي في المركز هي من تصماميم مدرسة تبريز في الحياكة والزخرفة ،وشاع تصميم اردبيل ، بحيث اصبح لدينا اليوم تصميم اردبيل ايراني و اردبيل هندي واردبيل بريطاني ، سواء حياكة يدوية او حياكة مكائن ،ولتصميمها خدعة بصرية خفية ، فالمصباحان بحجمين مختلفين ، المصباح الصغير في النصف الاسفل من السجادة ، باتجاه بداية حياكة السجادة ، والمصباح الكبير أطول بعشرين سنتمترا وأعرض بعشر سنتمترات من المصباح الصغير ، والزخارف البيضوية التي حول المصباح الكبير أكبر أيضا ، فلماذا فعل المصمم ذلك ؟
إن مصم سجادة اردبيل كان يعرف كيف ستفرش واين سيجلس القوم ، فعلية القوم سيجلسون عند بداية السجادة من ناحية المصباح الصغير ، ومن هناك سينظرون الى القلادة في المركز ويستمتعون بالوانها البراقة ، وبالنسبة اليهم سيكون منظر المصباح البعيد والقلادة البعيدة اصغر حجما ، فطول السجادة البالغ حوالي احد عشر مترا ، يعد مساحة كبيرة بالنسبة للجلاس الذين يتصدرون المجلس ويجلسون في بداية السجادة ، لذلك زاد المصمم في حجم المصباح و ميداليات القلادة القريبة من المصباح كي تظهر بحجم مساو ٍ للمصباح الاخر ، ولا نعرف سجادة أخرى عمل المصمم مثل هذا التطوير في تصميمه .
-- --
عرضت السجادة لاول مرة في لندن عام 1892 م فحث السيد موريس مستشار المتحف حينذاك على شراء هذه السجادة وكانت بمبلغ كبير قدره 2000 باوند استرليني .
اضطر المتحف عام 1974 م الى تنظيف السجادة ، فارسلت الى مدينة برمنغهام ، وغسلت بالمياه النقية الاتية مباشرة من جبال ويلش لانها لاتحتوي على الكلور . وكان أن شارك العديد من خبراء السجاد في رفعها وتنظيفها واعادة فرشها في المتحف .
كان يعتقد أن سجادة اردبيل هي الوحيدة من هذا النوع ، ولكن هناك واحدة اخرى مثلها موجودة في متحف لوس انجلس للفن بامريكا ، غير معروضة للجمهور حاليا ، ويعتقد ان جزء منها استخدم في اصلاح سجادة متحف فكتوريا والبرت .
-- --
توجد سجادة شبيهة لتصميم سجادة اردبيل ، في منزل رئيس الوزراء البريطاني في 10 داوننغ ستريت ، وكان لهتلر ايضا سجادة تصميم اردبيل ، في مكتبه ببرلين.
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[1] Website | عربي | https://akhbaar.org/ - 10-04-2024
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Publication date: 06-05-2007 (17 Year)
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