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Burhan Jaff

Burhan Jaff
Burhan Jaff
The Kurdish people are, and have always been, the most victimized in the region by the national borders drawn by the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne. Divided between four countries, marginalized, and persecuted by each state, the treaty caused unimaginable suffering that is ongoing today. The divisions of the map remain like scars of shame on the bodies of those who made it.

The Kurdish region continues to experience severe tensions, failed regimes, terrorist gangs, civil and economic decline, and blatant denials of human rights. While Iraq and Syria focus on the daily harassment of their Kurdish citizens, Iran and my focus in this talk Turkey compete for control and influence in the region.

At the centenary of the treaty, these facts do nothing but confirm its failure and clarify the need for the international community to reconsider its map, to end historical injustices, and to ensure a level of regional peace, security and stability that is impossible so long as millions of Kurds are denied their most fundamental human rights.
A word of warning though: this it is not a simple task. We must tread carefully because despite the suffering that the treaty has caused since its inception, it now acts as a crucial measure to prevent land reclamation.

In Turkish politics the treaty is at the center of a raging battle for the soul of the nation. In some quarters there is the alarming notion that Turkey plans a neo-Ottoman expansion into neighboring territories.

In its 2018 military operation against Kurds in Arfin, President Erdogan invoked “the red apple,” a centuries-old symbol of the Ottoman pursuit of global power. It is a forceful and disturbing ideology among Turkish politicians who believe Turkey remains entitled to the former lands of the Ottoman Empire, including Idlib, Aleppo, and Hasakah in Syria; Mosul, Erbil, Kirkuk, and Salah al-Din in the Mosul province of Iraq; and areas in Armenia, Bulgaria, and Greece, where there are significant Kurdish populations.

That movement is countered by more co-operative groups that wish to improve Turkey’s standing in the international community and particularly the European Union, but politicians who identify as being part of the “red apple coalition” insist Turkey would lose its autonomy were it to adopt pro-EU policies. And since talks on Turkey’s EU membership are currently frozen due to member concerns about the Turkish human rights record, it seems those nationalist voices are getting their wish.
Inside Turkey there is rampant speculation about the influence of the treaty on the country’s capacity to expand, and here we enter the muddy realms of hearsay and conspiracy theory. While we know these collective myths often stray far from fact, we also know they are rooted in common psychological truths, such as the need to enhance group identity or defend against perceived threats, so they can be instructive as a means of understanding better that “red apple” psychology. So, when some in Turkey claim that the treaty contains mysterious “secret articles” pertaining to Turkey’s right to extract natural resources from the region, and that the treaty will expire in only a few weeks, clearing the way for a rapid Turkish expansion, we understand truly the threat that exists to Kurds in Turkey and beyond.

In reality, the Treaty of Lausanne is still in force today and has no expiration date, “secret articles,” and “sunset clauses” that would specify a period after which the agreement will become void. It is an imperfect document that hurts and defends Kurds at the same time, a splintered shield that cannot last but should not be discounted totally for the safeguards it provides. It offers a map that must be redrawn so that Kurds in the region may thrive, but also warn of the risks of land reclamation that we must heed going forward. We know this kind of delicate but meaningful progress can be made.

The achievements of Kurds in Iraq, where the constitution now recognizes Kurdish rights and the Kurdish region as a federal entity, are a strong example. The recognition of the fight for Rojava in the Syrian constitution is promising too. And I hope that Iran, and indeed Turkey, will acknowledge soon the democratic and national entitlements of Kurds, and that peaceful, humane policies will be adopted in those countries. Of course, the solution for the Kurdish people will always lie in our divided homeland, but as we strengthen our resolve and build our unity towards that reunion, take this as a call for intelligent, constructive diplomacy a century after the Treaty of Lausanne.

Burhan Jaff, a Kurdish veteran politician, has an impressive track record of diplomatic service. He held the esteemed position of Iraq's Permanent Representative to the United Nations and served as the Ambassador of Iraq to Greece and Cyprus from 2010 to 2016. Additionally, he served as the Head of Mission of the Kurdistan Region to the European Union in Brussels from 1998 to 2009.[1]

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[1] Website | English | kurdistanchronicle.com 29-07-2023
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Publication date: 29-07-2023 (1 Year)
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Added by ( Hazhar Kamala ) on 19-08-2023
This article has been reviewed and released by ( Ziryan Serchinari ) on 25-08-2023
This item recently updated by ( Hazhar Kamala ) on: 25-08-2023
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Photo file 1.0.118 KB 19-08-2023 Hazhar KamalaH.K.
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Articles
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Images
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Books
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Related files
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Video
  1,558
Language
کوردیی ناوەڕاست - Central Kurdish 
303,967
Kurmancî - Upper Kurdish (Latin) 
90,153
هەورامی - Kurdish Hawrami 
66,052
عربي - Arabic 
30,942
کرمانجی - Upper Kurdish (Arami) 
18,384
فارسی - Farsi 
10,017
English - English 
7,583
Türkçe - Turkish 
3,669
Deutsch - German 
1,731
لوڕی - Kurdish Luri 
1,690
Pусский - Russian 
1,140
Français - French 
348
Nederlands - Dutch 
130
Zazakî - Kurdish Zazaki 
91
Svenska - Swedish 
72
Español - Spanish 
55
Polski - Polish 
55
Հայերեն - Armenian 
52
Italiano - Italian 
52
لەکی - Kurdish Laki 
37
Azərbaycanca - Azerbaijani 
27
日本人 - Japanese 
21
中国的 - Chinese 
20
Norsk - Norwegian 
18
Ελληνική - Greek 
16
עברית - Hebrew 
16
Fins - Finnish 
12
Português - Portuguese 
10
Тоҷикӣ - Tajik 
9
Ozbek - Uzbek 
7
Esperanto - Esperanto 
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Catalana - Catalana 
6
Čeština - Czech 
5
ქართველი - Georgian 
5
Srpski - Serbian 
4
Kiswahili سَوَاحِلي -  
3
Hrvatski - Croatian 
3
балгарская - Bulgarian 
2
हिन्दी - Hindi 
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Lietuvių - Lithuanian 
2
қазақ - Kazakh 
1
Cebuano - Cebuano 
1
ترکمانی - Turkman (Arami Script) 
1
Group
English
Biography 
3,155
Articles 
1,956
Library 
1,915
Documents 
177
Image and Description 
77
Martyrs 
64
Publications 
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Archaeological places 
44
Parties & Organizations 
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Maps 
26
Genocide 
21
Clan - the tribe - the sect 
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Artworks 
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Places 
9
Statistics and Surveys 
5
Miscellaneous 
4
Video 
2
Offices 
2
Poem 
2
Womens Issues 
1
Environment of Kurdistan 
1
Dates & Events 
1
Quotes and Phrases 
1
Repository
MP3 
323
PDF 
31,432
MP4 
2,558
IMG 
201,832
∑   Total 
236,145
Content search
Kurdipedia is the largest multilingual sources for Kurdish information!
Archaeological places
Shemzinan Bridge
Image and Description
A Kurdish army in Istanbul to participate in the Battle of the Dardanelles in 1918
Archaeological places
Hassoun Caves
Biography
Hardawan Mahmoud Kakashekh
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The Kurdish Quarter, which is located at the bottom of Mount Canaan in Safed, Palestine in 1946
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