By: Hans Eivind Dalsbø
Master’s Thesis in Political Science
Faculty of Social Science – University of Tromsø
Spring 2007 [1]

The Turkish state has started building a military base near the village of Hiror, while the PDK is cutting down trees in the Berwari region to build a road to the military base in the region.

According to RojNews, the Turkish state has started building a military base near the village of Hiror, while the KDP is cutting down trees in the Berwari region to build a road to the military base in the region.

In the districts of Saxan and Şeşdaran near Zaxo, the Turkish army is also having trees cut down under the supervision of the KDP.

According to a report by the Kurdistan Green Party, the Turkish government has cut down three million trees in the Behdinan region.

Ebdulrehman Sidîq, head of the Environmental Protection Agency of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, pointed to the destruction of nature caused by military operations and said that one million hectares of land have been damaged by the Turkish army's bombardment.

Where the Turkish army march, forests disappear

Zikrî Zêbarî, MP for the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK-YNK), explained that the invading Turkish soldiers looted and set up bases wherever they attacked. The PUK politician criticized the silence of the parliament and the government of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq on the Turkish occupation attacks, stressing that while disagreements in parliament are normal, a unified stance is needed on the issue.

We must not allow the nature of Kurdistan to be plundered. Since 2015, almost 150 civilians have been murdered in their gardens and fields in South Kurdistan, and 133 people have been injured. Agricultural land has been burned. Great damage was done in South Kurdistan. Many people had to leave their villages.

Zêbarî added: “The parliament and the government of the Kurdistan Region must fulfil their duties and responsibilities. You should know that these attacks aim to weaken the sovereignty of the South Kurdistan Region. The Kurdish people should know that the invasion attacks, allegedly because of the fight against the PKK, are illegal. The Turkish state wants to seize the sovereignty of South Kurdistan. The Turkish state cuts down trees mainly in Avaşin, Metîna and Gare. They cut down trees wherever they have invaded and set up bases. The trees are used both for the construction of military bases and for trade.[1]

Title: Great Powers, Oil and the Kurds in Mosul: (Southern Kurdistan/Northern Iraq), 1910-1925
Author: Habibollah Atarodi
Place of publication: France
Publisher: University Press of America
Release date: 2003

Prior to the First World War, the Kurds living in a region called the Mosul wilayat were subjects, like their Arab neighbors, of the Ottoman Empire. During the war, a drastic increase in the demand for oil fostered concern among the great powers about intense post-war competition for this strategic commodity. This concern was especially acute in Britain. By the end of the war 90 percent of the British navy and a rapidly increasing portion of its merchant marine had become oil-fired. The British saw their heavy dependence on oil imports from the U.S. as a direct threat to their supremacy on the seas and ultimately to the security of their empire. Determined to control a rich source of oil, the British defeated the Kurds' struggle for national self-determination and made sure that the Mosul wilayat was included in Iraq, for which London had a League of Nations mandate. To secure this territorial arrangement, the British had to make deals and compromises with the U.S. and France. Britain and its western allies emerged as the immediate winners, and the Arabs of Iraq were well-placed to benefit in the longer run, especially after Iraq obtained its independence. The Kurds, however, have suffered terribly from the inclusion of Mosul in Iraq. [1]
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Jawad Mella

BY MAJOR E. B. SOANE, Political Officcr, Khanigin, M.E.F. 1918.
BAGHDAD : PRINT. AT TI1E GOVERNMENT NIES, 1918.

28-2-2003
To:
Mr. US President George W. Bush
The United Nations
The European Union

Photo taken by William Carter. [1]

Principles of Social Organization in Southern Kurdistan
FREDRIK BARTH
OSLO
BRDENE JORGENSEN A/S BOKTRYKERI
1953
[1]

By
Ala A Ghafur
Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
School of Earth and Ocean Sciences
Cardiff University
June 2012

Kurdistan National Kongress (KNK) Statement:
The Kurds in Iraq and Syria have been engaged in an epic battle against the Islamic State (ISIS) in Iraq and Syria, an organisation that stands in opposition not only to the Kurds, but also to the region as a whole, in its attempts to create a Salafist system. This attempt poses an immense threat to humanitarian values, beliefs and democratic norms. In the war against this barbaric gang the Kurds have played a deeply significant role, opening the path for their final defeat. Today, ISIS is losing ground and their capacity to threaten the West, especially the EU countries, has been significantly reduced.
However, the AKP government, which has been complicit with ISIS in its barbaric attacks, is not satisfied and having realised that it could not neutralise the Kurdish Freedom Movement with ISIS, has begun a more direct attack. It now aims to destroy all the gains and progressive developments made by the Kurds in both the South and West of Kurdistan.
The Turkish state’s illegal bombing and invasion of Afrin in Northern Syria
The Turkish state has illegally bombed and invaded Afrin, a Kurdish-majority region which had been a peaceful oasis in a war-torn country, a site of refuge, and stronghold of the democratic confederal project. This criminal invasion has led to hundreds of deaths and a further wave of mass displacement. Most alarming are the indications of plans for full-scale ethnic cleansing of Kurds.
Turkey’s potential invasion of Iraqi Kurdish territory
There are increasing signs of an imminent full-scale invasion of Iraqi Kurdish territory, including the mountainous Qandil region of northern Iraq, in an attempt to further encircle and strangle the only place of freedom in the region. Turkish warplanes have carried out frequent bombing campaigns in the Kurdish areas ( Metina, Avasin, Zap, Basyan, Gare, Xakurk and Kandil) in Kurdistan- northern Iraq and have killed many civilians.
Representatives of the Kurdish people have repeatedly raised their fears and called upon all governments and international organisations (the UN, NATO, the EU and the Arab League) to prevent Turkey’s military border incursions and violations of Iraqi sovereignty.
As yet there has been no international response, and the state of Turkey is emboldened to make further incursions and to attempt to take control of the region by deploying additional troops and establishing new military bases ( in addition to the 18 bases already established) and intelligence outposts in the region. With the Turkish Gendarmerie engaging in military parades in the villages within the Sidekan district of the province of Diyana, region of Hewler (the capital of KRG) governorate, it is clear they are treating the occupied land as their own territory.
Break the silence against Turkey’s invasion of Kurdistan
We call on all relevant bodies (political parties, human rights organisations, trade unionists and activists) to stand with us and take action against this violation of international law, to unambiguously condemn this crime of aggression, and to demand that Turkey withdraws its troops from Kurdistan.
We call upon all governments and international organisations (the UN, NATO, the EU and the Arab League) as well as the world’s democratic peoples, to oppose this Turkish aggression.
Kurdistan National Kongress (KNK)
#07-06-2018#