Title: A CHILDHOOD OF FEAR: THE IMPACT OF GENOCIDE ON YAZIDI CHILDREN IN SINJAR
Author: Sarrouh, Layal
Place of publication: UK
Publisher: Save the Children UK
Release date: 2022

Yazidi children whose lives were shattered by#ISIS# attacks in northern Iraq eight years ago must not be forgotten by the international community, which must help fulfil their right to an education and hopes for a better future, Save the Children said today.
About 400,000 Yazidis – an ethnic and religious minority group – were captured, killed, or forced to flee from their ancestral homeland in Sinjar in August 2014 after ISIS crossed the border from Syria. The United Nations has recognised the treatment of the Yazidi as genocide.
Up to 3,000 women and young girls were abducted, experienced rape and other forms of sexual violence, and many remain missing. Young boys were separated from their families and forcibly recruited into ISIS.
Eight years on, many Yazidi children are still displaced from their communities. Many live in unsafe environments where they are surrounded by physical reminders of the violence experienced at the hands of ISIS, including destroyed homes, schools, and hospitals.
To understand the impact of the genocide on young children, Save the Children spoke to 117 children aged between 7 and 17, who were very young or just infants when they lost mothers, fathers, siblings, and extended family in the violence, as well as 33 caregivers.
Children of all ages told Save the Children about their fears and the lack of safety and security in their daily lives. Amongst adolescents, 39 of the 40 involved in the study said they did not feel safe where they live and worried about abductions, sexual violence, recruitment by armed groups, and further family loss or separation among other issues.
[ The United Nations first concluded that the treatment of the Yazidi people by ISIS constituted genocide in a 2016 report, “They Came to Destroy: ISIS Crimes Against the Yazidis,” presented to the Human Rights Council, June 2016.[1]

Nelida Fuccaro

Title: Attitudes of Sinjari Yezidis in Iraq Regarding the Rape of Yezidi Women and the Babies Born from Rape During the ISIS Genocide
Author: Jordan Greaser
Place of publication: US
Publisher: University of Nebraska
Release date: 2018

This document is a thesis that evaluated attitudes of acceptance among Sinjari Yezidis in Iraq toward Yezidi women who were raped by ISIS captors and the children born from those rapes. It included 7 case reports of Yezidi women who were captured and their experiences of rape and escape. The purpose of the study was to understand attitudes through a 25-question survey analyzing acceptance of the women and children on a question by question basis. The findings showed an overwhelming acceptance of the women but mixed acceptance of their children, which may be best understood through the Yezidi religious beliefs.[1]

=KTML_Bold=Di çavên Pêşbîrkirina Dînî ya Navnetewî û Nasnameyên Komunal ên li Jabal Sinjar, 1840 -1918 Dawid Pelfrey=KTML_End=

Di encamê de her lêkolînek nû ya êzîdî temaşebûna xwezayî ya xwezayî ya êzîdîzmê wekî dînek ol. Wê pir caran di zanistiyê de yek yek dît ku syncretîzma navîn ji bo pêvajoya #Êzîdî# ya bêdeng e. Vêgehên zanist di rastiyê de ji bo veguhestina şîrovekirina êzîdîzmê wekî hemî hemî hemî hemî hemî hemî neheqî bêyî ku riya nakokî di warê dijberî de pir zelal e. Çawa dibe ku ol, e, a ku yek ji nirxên bawerî û pratîk re nayê guhertin, ew di nav xelet, i.e., deyn kirin û pêdivî ye -navên bingehîn e? Wê vê yekê behsa nîqaşek dîrokî ya dîrokî ya kurt e. Ew eşkere dike ku dema ku êzîdîzmê hebe, hebûna elementên timîm, bi nasnameyek olî û komunal nasnameya êzîdî gelekî girîng e û dînamîk e ku bi karanîna syncretîzmê ye, wekî ku herdu hemî hundur û derveyî tehdît dike ku guman û pêwendiyên bingehîn tehdît dike. Ew di rastiyê de ji bo xwerûbûna êzîdîzmê ji bo hevrêzkirina karûbarê kar an jî, dibe ku ew çêtir dibe, dabeşkirin, encameke ku civaka civakê ya êzdiyan dibe ku ev çandî berbiçav nerazîbûna berbiçav aşkere bike.
Cihê ku ji bo 1840 û 1918-ê di navbera 1840 û 1918-ê de, pêşniyara aliyên êzîdiyatiyê nîşan dide xwenîşandanek lê belê kurteya kurteya kurtkirî tête. Di dema serweriya Sultan Abdul Hamid II (1876-1909) de êzîdî dersên herî civakî yên civakî, fakirsî, yekîneyeke neteweyî ya hêza siyasî û aborî ya bingehîn li Jabal Şengalê, avakirina stratejiyeke stratejîk a li bakurê bakurê bakurê Iraqê . Guhertinên ji dora fikra êzîdî ya Fîjerî, bi bi xwe re Şêx, karmîzmatîk Hamu Shimu temam dike, nimûne bersiva şerta hevrikî ya êzîdî ya parastinê û li ser damezirandina civakî ya olî ya Misilmanên Misilman-ê nimûne. Ew bi awayek komûnî ya misilman re bi hêrsparêziya malbatên nû nû veguherandin ku li Şengalê Şengalê di encama 1890-ê de pogromên Osmaniyan-Osmanî-ê nû ve hatî avakirin. Nimûneya duyemîn rastîn a lêkolînek bandor û bersivên ya çalakiya mîsyonalîstiya Ewrûpayê di herêmên kurdî û Suryanî-axaftinên di dema serdestiya Ebdilhemîd de civakên êzîdî ne. Pêşveçûneke mezin û pir caran carî çalakiya mîsyonaryê hate qedexekirin ku hebûya materyalî ya sûrî ya zirurgî bû, wekî serdema çapemeniyê di dema dawiya Osmanî de hate veguhestin. Wekî ku pisporên mîsyonaryî yên materyalîstên Suryanî yên Suryanî û hêrsparêzan ve hatine damezirandin li ser bingeha perwerdehiyê û perwerdeyê di navbera herdu pîroz û pîroz de, têkiliyên di navbera civakên xirîstiyan û cîranên êzîdî yên cîhanê de pêvajoya hevpeymanek hevgirtî dest pê kir. Civakên xirîstî û hûrparêziyên wan ên sûrî destnîşan kir ku desthilatdariya hêza wan komal ên cuda cuda ne, tenê ne di bin sembolê Osmanî de dixebitin, lê her weha hîgarparêzên hovûperest ên kevneşopî dimeşînin ku pêwîstî li dijî hîgarparêzên xiristiyan ên derveyî, ew bibin katolîk, Ortodox Anglican. Êzîdiyatiyê ku ji bo ku bi nasnameya bi hêza xirîstiyan re biyanî ve tête peyivandin, ji bo kûreyên kovî re rê kirin. Nimûne ya sêyemîn yekem û duyem e ku yekem û duyemîn e: Destpêkirina pirtûkên Êzîdî, Pirtûka Pîroz ya Pirtûka û Pirtûka Black, di dema Ebdilhemîd de.
Ev karkerên hûrgelên reklamên kevneşopiyên olî yên olî bi awayekî xwezayî û hevrengî bi xwezayî ne. Ew nehatiye nivîsandin ku ji elîtên miletan ên êzîdî bi dilsoziya Êzîdî re bixwînin.Fermandarên nivîskî ji bo ku li dijî qanûna Îslamî de mafên mirovan û parastin eşkere dike ku bi balafirvanek ronakbîrî û bi awayek hûrgelan re di nav hûrgelan de bi awayek axaftina dirêjtir bi bihêztirîn Kesên Pirtûka Pirtûka Pirtûka Pîroz ve tête nivîsandin.

Cûreyên Syntretic
Divê di vê yekê de tê gotin ku gotûbêjkirina dînî ya dînî ya ku ji bo Êzîdî ve girêdayî ye hewcedariyek hewce ye ku hin refênan. Di tevahiya dîroka dîrokî de, divê em di bîr de, li seranserê dîrokek Yazîdîzmê, hevpeymanîzmê wekî navnîşa gelemperî ya olî ya gelemperî tê bikaranîn, bi gelemperî wekî wekî niştecîhan an jî deynkirina deynkirina olî û olî ya olî ya ji hêla bilind tê gotin tê gotin tê bikaranîn. olên herêmê: Zoroastrian, Judaic, Sabaean, Mandaean, Manichaean, Christian, & Îslamî, bi tenê hinek bandorên sereke dikin. Di nav vê pisporê de diqewimin an naveroka heyî de nîqaş e ku hûn behsa çîrokek çawa bibînin ka çima yîzîdîzmê di nav êzîdîzmê de an jî çiqas rast e ku ji hêla yekser a syncretîzmê ve ye. Ev kaxez dê têkoşîna ku di nav êzîdîzma di operasyonê de herî kêm du dersên giştî ya syncretîzmê hene. Ev dersên syncretîzmê wekî du celebên dîrokî yên dîrokî categorî têne dabeşkirin: yekemîn ku hevpeymaniya olî ya baweriyên bingehîn û prensîp. Ev cûrekreşîzmê ye ku derheq yek ji wêjeyê wêjeyê wêjeyê û hemî çavkaniyên sereke yên ku êzîdî bi gelemperî têne nivîsandin yan qeydkirî têne xwendin. Dersa giştî ya duyemîn a syncretîzmê, û çîna hevpeymanîzmê ku ev pirtûka fikar dike, demek kurt, epîsodîk e, û pir caran bi hêz û çalakiyên bi derve re civaka êzîdî ye. Duyemîn duyemîn ya hevpeymaniya demokrasî ya xwezayî di xwezayî de parastî ye. Parastina olî ya parastina dînî ya ku deynkirina bikarhênerên olî yên êzîdî ji derveyî civakê bikar tînin. Bi gelemperî ev deyndar ji komên gelemperî yên gelek olî, e, xiristirên Ewropî an jî erebên ereb û ereb in, û armanca ku ji bo mekanîzmayên teknolojî, teknolojî û saziyên bi hûrgelî re bi hestî bi komên cîran ên dijminî re amade dikin ku armancên Êzîdî biparêzin.[1]

Title: EMERGING LAND TENURE ISSUES AMONG DISPLACED YAZIDIS FROM #SINJAR# , IRAQ
Publisher: United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT)
Release date: 2015

The escalation of violence which led to the take over of Mosul by ISIL fighters in early June 2014 caused the movement of over 3 million Iraqi to neighbouring governorates and central and south Iraq. Over 275,000 people from Sinjar are estimated to be currently living in IDP camps,unfinished buildings and rented accommodation in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. One particular community was particularly affected by ISIL’s occupation: the Yazidi religious minority notoriously suffered – and is still suffering –innumerable atrocities deliberately targeting their community.
The present report aims to provide a better understanding of how the convergence of several circumstances, related to past discriminatory policies, forced relocation, double displacement and lack of tenure security may seriously affect the prospects of return of the Yazidi IDP community to their homeland in Sinjar. [1]

This essential report covers:

The creation of the Sinjar Agreement.
Limitations to its effective implementation.
The agreement’s negative impact on the sustainable return of the Yezidi community to their areas of origin.
Key recommendations for future actions.[1]

=KTML_Link_External_Begin=https://www.kurdipedia.org/docviewer.aspx?id=607518&document=0001.PDF=KTML_Link_External_Between=Click to read Evaluating the Progress and Impact of the Sinjar Agreement=KTML_Link_External_End=

Saman Omar.[1]

=KTML_Link_External_Begin=https://www.kurdipedia.org/docviewer.aspx?id=611680&document=0001.PDF=KTML_Link_External_Between=Click to read International Mechanisms for Prosecuting Isil Members for Their Crime of Genocide Against Yazidis People in Sinjar, Iraq - 2014=KTML_Link_External_End=

Valeria Cetorelli, Isaac Sasson, Nazar Shabila and Gilbert Burnham
AUN Independent International Commission of Inquiry has determined that #ISIS# acts against the Yazidi religious minority of Sinjar constitute a case of ongoing genocide (OHCR 2016). While ISIS’s intent to destroy the Yazidi community has been ascertained, the extent of killings and kidnappings of Yazidis and the demographics of those targeted have long remained unclear. Some attempts have been made by local authorities and human rights organisations to compile lists of victims, but the UN has not yet been able to independently verify the reported figures (UNAMI/OHCHR 2016).
The ISIS attack on Sinjar in August 2014

During the summer of 2014, ISIS took over Nineveh governorate in northern Iraq, home to most of Iraq’s minority groups. These minorities were systematically targeted by ISIS in a violent campaign to ‘purify’ the region of non-Islamic influences. The Yazidi community in the area of Mount Sinjar, consisting of approximately 400,000 people, was singled out for particularly brutal treatment.[1]

=KTML_Link_External_Begin=https://www.kurdipedia.org/docviewer.aspx?id=607507&document=0001.PDF=KTML_Link_External_Between=Click to read ISIS genocide of the Yazidi religious minority of Sinjar, Iraq=KTML_Link_External_End=

... [1]

Mortality and kidnapping estimates for the Yazidi population in the area of Mount Sinjar, Iraq, in August 2014: A retrospective household survey

The survey covered the displaced Yazidi population from Sinjar residing in camps in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Fieldwork took place between 4 November and 25 December, 2015. A systematic random sample of 1,300 in-camp households were interviewed about the current household composition and any killings and kidnappings of household members by ISIS. Of the 1,300 interviewed households, 988 were Yazidi from Sinjar. Yazidi households contained 6,572 living residents at the time of the survey; 43 killings and 83 kidnappings of household members were reported. We calculated the probability of being killed and kidnapped by dividing the number of reported killings and kidnappings by the number of sampled Yazidis at risk, adjusting for sampling design. To obtain the overall toll of killings and kidnappings, those probabilities were multiplied by the total Yazidi population living in Sinjar at the time of the ISIS attack, estimated at roughly 400,000 by the United Nations and Kurdish officials. The demographic profile of those killed and kidnapped was examined, distinguishing between children and adults and females and males. We estimated that 2.5% of the Yazidi population was either killed or kidnapped over the course of a few days in August 2014, amounting to 9,900 (95% CI 7,000–13,900) people in total. An estimated 3,100 (95% CI 2,100–4,400) Yazidis were killed, with nearly half of them executed—either shot, beheaded, or burned alive—while the rest died on Mount Sinjar from starvation, dehydration, or injuries during the ISIS siege. The estimated number kidnapped is 6,800 (95% CI 4,200–10,800). Escapees recounted the abuses they had suffered, including forced religious conversion, torture, and sex slavery. Over one-third of those reported kidnapped were still missing at the time of the survey. All Yazidis were targeted regardless of age and sex, but children were disproportionately affected. They were as likely as adults to be executed but constituted 93.0% (95% CI 71.9–98.6) of those who died on Mount Sinjar. Moreover, children only accounted for 18.8% (95% CI 8.4–36.9) of those who managed to escape captivity. A sensitivity analysis suggests that the actual toll of killings and kidnappings may be underestimated in our data because of survival bias. The uncertainty associated with inference from a small sample of in-camp households and the reliance on a rough figure of 400,000 for extrapolation to the total Yazidi population of Sinjar at the time of the ISIS attack are the main limitations of this study.[1]

=KTML_Link_External_Begin=https://www.kurdipedia.org/docviewer.aspx?id=585767&document=0001.PDF=KTML_Link_External_Between=Klicken Sie zum Lesen Mortality and kidnapping estimates for the Yazidi population in the area of Mount Sinjar, Iraq, in August 2014: A retrospective=KTML_Link_External_End=